Suicide: A Public Health Issue That Matters

September 10 is World Suicide Prevention Day

 Dr Dyuthy R

Suicide is a leading cause of death globally, with over 700,000 people dying by suicide every year, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). It is the third leading cause of death among individuals aged 15-30 years. The impact of suicide extends beyond the individual, with around six people affected by each suicide, often experiencing significant life changes. Suicide prevention is a complex and sensitive goal for clinicians and health systems.

In India, suicide is a major national public health issue with over 1,70,000 suicides recorded annually. The rising trend of suicides in India can be attributed to a complex interplay of factors, including family problems, academic pressure, financial insecurity, mental health issues, and lack of access to mental healthcare services. Young adults and the elderly are particularly vulnerable, with prolonged illnesses being a major concern for the elderly. Emerging concerns such as cyberbullying and social media addiction are also contributing to the rising trend.

In Jharkhand, the suicide rate stands at 6 per 1,00,000 population. While studies in Jamshedpur have reported a decline in suicide rates, Tata Main Hospital has assessed and supported over 130 persons who have attempted suicide or deliberate self-harm in the past year. This may be attributed to various factors, including family conflicts, peer and – interpersonal problems, and social media influence. Early intervention, therapy, and support from loved ones can make a significant difference in recovery and prevention.

Deliberate self-harm and suicidal behaviour are complex issues that can have long-lasting impacts on individuals, families and communities. Deliberate self-harm can be a coping mechanism for emotional pain, while suicidal behaviour is often a desperate attempt to escape unbearable suffering. Understanding the underlying causes and providing accessible, non-judgmental support is crucial for helping individuals at risk and preventing harm.

Mental health-care professionals can play a vital role in tackling suicidal tendencies by providing specialised care and support to individuals at risk. We work with patients to develop coping strategies, manage mental health conditions, and build resilience. By collaborating with other healthcare professionals, family members, and community organisations, we help create a comprehensive support system that addresses the complex needs of individuals struggling with suicidal thoughts and behaviours.

(Author is Associate Specialist, Department of Psychiatry, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur)