Vaccination is often viewed as a measure limited to childhood, but its importance extends well into adulthood. Adult vaccination is a key pillar of preventive healthcare, essential for reducing disease burden, preventing complications, and supporting healthy ageing. With longer life expectancy, changing disease patterns, and a rising prevalence of chronic illnesses, immunization across the adult lifespan has become increasingly important.
One of the main reasons adults need vaccines is the gradual decline of immunity acquired during childhood. Protection from vaccines such as tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis weakens over time, leaving adults susceptible to serious infections. Regular booster doses are necessary to maintain immunity and prevent the re-emergence of diseases that were once under control.
Ageing further increases vulnerability to infections. As the immune system weakens with age, older adults face a higher risk of severe illness from diseases such as influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, and shingles. Vaccination in this age group significantly reduces hospitalisation, complications, and mortality, while improving overall quality of life.
Adults living with chronic conditions—including diabetes, heart disease, lung disorders, kidney disease, and liver ailments—are especially at risk. Infections in these individuals often lead to severe outcomes. Vaccines against influenza, pneumococcal disease, hepatitis B, and COVID-19 provide vital protection and help prevent serious complications.
Beyond individual benefits, adult vaccination strengthens public health and the economy. Preventing infections reduces hospital admissions and healthcare costs, while lowering antibiotic use and helping combat antimicrobial resistance. Vaccinated adults also contribute to herd immunity, protecting vulnerable groups such as newborns and immunocompromised individuals.
Despite clear benefits, adult vaccination remains underused due to limited awareness, vaccine hesitancy, and gaps in policy and access. Integrating immunization into routine adult healthcare and promoting public education are essential steps forward.
Adopting a life-course approach to vaccination ensures healthier individuals, stronger communities, and a more resilient public health system.
